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第三十三章 帕普斯的《数学汇编》(1 / 1)

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公元4世纪,希腊数学已成强弩之末。

黄金时代﹝300 B.C─200 B.C﹞几何巨匠已逝去五、六百年,公元前146年亚历山大被罗马人占领,学者们虽然仍能继续研究,然而已没有他们的先辈那种气势雄伟、一往无前的创作精迪。

公元后,兴趣转向天文的应用,除门纳劳斯﹝Menelaus of Alexandria公元100前后﹞、托勒密﹝Claudius Ptolemy,约公元85-165﹞在三角学方面有所建树外,理论几何的活力逐渐凋萎。

此时亚历山大的帕波斯(Pappus of Alexandria)正努力总结数百年来前人披荆斩棘所取得的成果,以免年久失传。

帕普斯给欧几里得《几何原本》和《数据》以及托勒密的《大汇编》和《球极平面投影》作过注释。

写成八卷的《数学汇编》﹝Synagoge或“Mathematical Collection“﹞──对他那个时代存在的几何着作的综述评论和指南,其中包括帕普斯自己的创作。

但第一卷和第二卷的一部份已遗失,许多古代的学术成果,由于有了这部书的存录,才能让后世人得知。

例如芝诺多努斯的《等周论》,经过帕普斯的加工,被编入于第五卷之中。

当中有关于『圆面积大于任何同周长正多边形的面积』、『球的体积大于表面积相同的圆锥、圆柱』、『表面积相同的正多面体,面积愈多体积愈大』等命题。

对于希腊几何三大问题也作了历史的回顾,并给出几种用二次或高次曲线的解法。

在第七卷中则探讨了三种圆锥曲线的焦点和准线的性质,还讨论了『不面图形绕一轴旋转所产生立体的体积』,后来这叫做『古尔丁定理』,因为后者曾重新加以研究。

《数学汇编》引用和参考了三十多位古代数学家的着作,传播了大批原始命题及其进展、扩展和历史注释。由于许多原着已经散失,《数学汇编》便成为了解这些着作的唯一源泉,是名副其实的几何宝库。

喜欢数学心请大家收藏:数学心本站更新速度全网最快。

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