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第一百六十六章 勒让德和椭圆曲线(椭圆曲线)(1 / 2)

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约公元前225年阿波罗尼奥斯(Apollonius)撰写了《圆锥曲线论》(Conics),书中引入了术语“抛物线”,“椭圆”和“双曲线”。

约公元前200年戴可利斯(Diocles)撰写了《论燃烧镜》(On burning mirrors),收集了16个几何命题,大部分是关于圆锥曲线的证明。

约1010年比鲁尼(Al-Biruni)撰写了许多科学专题。他的数学工作涵盖算术,级数求和,组合分析,三法则,无理数,比例理论,代数定义,代数方程解法,几何,阿基米德定理,三等分角及其他不能用尺规作图解决的问题,圆锥曲线,立体几何,球极平面投影,三角学,平面中的正弦定理,以及求解球面三角形。

1072年莪默?伽亚谟(Al-Khayyami,通常称为Omar Khayyam,金庸小说《倚天屠龙记》中小昭唱过他的诗句)撰写了《代数问题的论证》(Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra),其中包含了具有通过圆锥曲线相交找到几何解的三次方程的完整分类。他测量一年的长度为365.天,结果非常准确。

1615年开普勒出版了《求酒桶体积之新法》(Nova stereometria doliorum vinarorum),考察酒桶的容积,表面积和圆锥曲线。他在1613年他的婚典上首次产生这个想法。他的方法是微积分的早期应用。

1640年帕斯卡出版了《圆锥曲线专论》(Essay pour les coniques)。

1649年德博纳(De Beaune)撰写了《简明注释》(Notes brièves),它包含了很多“笛卡尔几何”的成果,特别是给出了现在熟知的双曲线,抛物线,椭圆的方程。

1650年德?维特(De Witt)完成了《曲线论》(Elementa curvarum linearum)。它是首次对直线和圆锥曲线的解析几何的系统性发展。这本书直到1661年才发表,出现在凡司顿的主要着作的附录中。

1655年布隆克尔(Brouncker)给出了4/π的一个连分数展开。他也给出了双曲线的求积法,这个成果在三年后发表。

1667年詹姆斯?格雷戈里(James Gregory)出版了《论圆和双曲线的求积》(Vera circuli et hyperbolae quadrature),为无穷小几何形成了严格的基础。

1669年雷恩(Wren)发表了他的成果:旋转双曲面是一个直纹面。

1675年拉海尔(La Hire)出版了《圆锥曲线》(Sectiones conicae),这是关于圆锥曲线的重要着作。

勒让德对拉格朗日说:“求圆形的弧长,不是难事儿吧?”

拉格朗日说:“不是难事,几乎可以心算出来。”

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