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第二百二十九章 柯西的微积分规范(微积分)(1 / 2)

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拉普拉斯也觉得柯西的文章数目太多了,让人目不暇接。觉得柯西主要一有空脑子里就会想数学的事情,很多事情仅仅是一种讲究,根本就没必要去当一会儿事。

拉普拉斯对柯西说:“你的论文太多,繁杂而缭乱,这对研究数学不利。你应该少而简单点才对。”

柯西一听到拉普拉斯如此说,心想,这样不是第一次被人质疑了。或许有的人就是因为嫉妒吧。柯西说:“你说说看,数学走到今天,还能怎么简单得下来。而且,你给你一个绝望的消息,数学以后可能会越来越多,一生都不会有人学完。”

拉普拉斯说:“不会吧,尽量还是有几句话就点透一个人吧。”

柯西说:“大方向肯定可以点透一个人,但是数学中有很多重要的细节。如果你不当回事儿,别人可以找出其中的麻烦。”

拉普拉斯跟柯西说:“即使有了发现,有必要写这么多吗?你的文章大家都看不完。”

柯西说:“确实多了些,但是我的东西还是需要细细的看。因为,我在研究数学的过程中发现了一些惊人的东西。我敢保证,这肯定是数学的未来。”

拉普拉斯说:“你的那些东西是未来?”

柯西说:“就比如微积分,如果不使用我的这种语言来描述。而仅仅用牛顿和莱布尼茨的那种描述,那就会被无穷小到零这样的问题来反驳。”

拉普拉斯说:“我认为初学者不应该使用你这种描述方式,毕竟微积分是一个公式,本领不算难,但经过你这种严谨的方法,反而弄得难了。让很多本来可以学会的学生,都知难而退了。”

柯西说:“那也得这样来,人就是这样的,你简单点,他们挑你毛病,你仔细点,对方就学不会。只能说,被吓退的,仅仅是因为还不够爱数学而已。”

拉普拉斯无话可说,但是依然不太服气。

1821年柯西出版了《分析教程》,这是第一次将数学分析建立在正式基础上。它为巴黎综合理工学院的学生设计,致力于尽可能严格地发展微积分的基本定理。

柯西是极限理论的集大成者,他使得整个微积分理论建立在极限理论的基础之上,使分析学开始一步步走向严格化。可以说,分析学的历史发展是以柯西为分界线的,而后面的数学大师们都可看作是他的门徒。

以严格化为目标,柯西对微积分的基本概念,如变量、函数、极限、连续性、导数、微分、收敛等等给出了明确的定义,并在此基础上重建和拓展了微积分的重要事实与定理。以下是柯西关于极限的定义:

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