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第六百二十九章 HermitianEinstein度量(1 / 1)

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另一个与卡拉比猜想密切相关的问题是代数几何中全纯向量丛的稳定性与其上的Hermitian-Einstein度量的对应问题,这个问题约化成一个与规范场理论相关的极为困难的非线性方程解的存在性问题。

1986年丘成桐与乌伦贝克(Uhlenbeck)合作,在卡勒流形上完全解决了这个问题。

稍后,唐纳森也在投影流形上用不同的方法将这个问题解决。

1988年,辛普森(Simpson)将这些结果推广并与霍奇变分理论相结合,发展成为代数几何中一个极为有效的工具。

凯勒流形的内在对称性

我们花了点时间来讨论度规,是为了要对凯勒度规和具备这种度规的凯勒流形能够稍微有点概念。一个度规是否为凯勒,和在空间上移动时,度规如何变化有关。

凯勒流形是一组叫作“厄米特流形”(Hermitian manifold)的复流形的子类。

在厄米特流形上,你可以把复数坐标的原点放在任何一点上,它在该点上的度规看起来像是标准的欧氏几何度规。

但当你离开该点时,它的度规就愈来愈不像欧氏的。

更明确地说,当移动到与原点的距离为ε时,度规系数本身的改变差异大致是ε倍。我们将这样的流形称为“一阶欧氏空间”。

所以如果ε是0.001英寸(1英寸=2.54厘米),当我们离开ε距离时,厄米特度规的系数与原先的差距会维持在约0.001英寸的误差内。至于凯勒流形则是“二阶欧氏空间”,这表示它的度规会更加稳定。当与原点的距离为ε时,凯勒流形的度规系数的改变大致是ε2倍。

沿用前面的例子,当ε=0.001英寸时,度规的变化误差只有0.000001英寸。

为何卡拉比要特别重视凯勒流形呢?要回答这个问题,我们得先考虑可能的选择范围。

比方说,如果真的想要严格限制,你可以坚持流形必须是完全平坦的。

但只要是二维以上的任何维度,唯一完全平坦的紧致流形就只有环面或它的近亲。

就流形而言,环面其实相当简单,因而也相当受限。我们希望能够更多样,看到更多可能性。至于厄米特流形,则又嫌限制太少,它的可能性太多太多了。于是介于厄米特和平坦之间的凯勒流形,正具有几何学家经常寻找的那种特质:它们具有足够多的结构,因此不会难以操作,但是结构又不会多到限制过多,以至于根本找不到符合你的明确条件的流形。

喜欢数学心请大家收藏:数学心本站更新速度全网最快。

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