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第六百五十章 庞加莱单值化定理(1 / 1)

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卡拉比大笑到:“你说单值化会不会拯救这一切?”

丘成桐知道庞加莱的单值化定理是,一维复流形的万有覆盖只有简单的三种,球面、复平面和单位圆盘。

如何将单值化定理推广到高维流形,这个问题几乎主导了现代几何与拓扑的发展。而即使从复一维到复二维流形,问题的复杂性已经远超想象,被数学家称作是从天堂到了地狱。或者说是上帝创造了黎曼面,简单美丽而又丰富多彩,是魔鬼制造了复曲面,内容复杂,令人眼花缭乱,头晕目眩。

丘成桐说:“我知道二维复平面的环其实只是三维的东西,这反而简单,但是我们如何把卡拉比流形构造成一个三维的东西?其实我们的认为就是要把单值化定理在高维不可思议的大胆推广,竟然给出了高维复流形中难得一见的一般规律。”

卡拉比说:“反正我们还没有从上亿种流形中找到合适的,所以反而可以把不能单值化的给排除掉,然后不确定的可以先留下。如果要是可以解决这个问题,那我们就可以不考虑引力和热力学在高维空间中麻烦了。”

丘成桐说:“那应该如何找思路,首先是足够的对称的东西基本就单值化,比如说圆环,在4维空间里就3维的单值,而圆球基本上在高维空间中就足够单值了,如果考虑单位超球,对我们来讲,就跟普通的圆球差不多。”

卡拉比说:“那么几何对称性足够高的,单值化就越严重,那么我们要找到卡拉比流形,就需要找到对称性足够高的几何形状才行,而圆形球形或者是圆环之类的,显然也无法满足我们所说的要求,那就是几何形状足够精密和复杂的高对称性的形状的东西,才是我们要找到那种。”

丘成桐说:“我看到研究电子形状的实验,声称可以将电子扩大足够大的倍数,按理说会有电子的不对称性,但是他们的实验结果是足够大的电子还是足够的圆,尽管我们相信它没那么圆,但是毕竟电子是一个足够完美的一个自然物质,这也就启发了我们电子可以引领我们去找到足够对称的可单值化的高维几何形状,其实是一个三维形状的空间流形。”

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