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第一百一十七章 后金改革(2 / 2)

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户部承政,爱新觉罗·阿敏

礼部承政,范文程

兵部承政,爱新觉罗·莽古尔泰

刑部承政,爱新觉罗·济尔哈朗

工部承政,宁完我

从这份名单上可以看出,皇太极仿设六部,以贝勒总领,各部承政是国家事务主要执行者,有些干脆就是贝勒和承政同一人。

他们逐步开始由皇太极任命,只听命于皇权,实际上变相了削弱了原来贝勒在六部实权,保证皇权在中央机构中独尊地位。

吏部承政在皇太极授意下,已经初步具有了考核官员的权力。吏部承政与贝勒共同考核官员,起到了监督和限制本部贝勒权力的重要作用。

户部掌管国家土地分配、赋税征收以及人口户籍管理等财政方面事务,是关乎国家大计的重要部门。

礼部掌管国家筹办学校、举办科举考试以及与外藩、别国交往的各项礼仪等事务。

清入关前,皇太极共举行了三次科举考试,为后金培养了大批治国理政的人才。

同时,礼部承政也肩负有监察贵族和官员行为规范、礼制规范的职责。

兵部管理国家绿营兵籍及武职官员,但此时的兵部分类不细,职能较为简单,主要负责调配军役,颁布军令。

刑部承政在审理案件时,会先按照法律明文规定对被审理者进行定罪,然后向皇太极禀报,由皇太极做最后裁决。

工部承政主要负责监管土木、水利等官办工业事务,督造水师战船与兵器打造等军务。

六部承政的其他职能中大部分属于临时差遣性质,即皇太极直接任命承政处理政治事务。

承政奉旨行事一方面表明他们深得皇太极信任,另一方面这也体现出皇太极试图通过直接派遣官员处理政事来达到削弱议政大臣权力,加强皇权的目的。

对汉军部队的改革也如火如荼的开展起来,祖大寿为汉军总督(形式上最高长官),孔有德为汉军督军(实际上最高指挥官),主要为步军,下设“前后左中右”五军,每军满编5000人,设统领一名,协领两名,另有配属骑兵一军。共计三万人。

通过这一系列的改革,后金的工作效率大大增强。

皇太极信心百倍的表示,待改革彻底巩固后,必将是大金南下入主中原的时刻!

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